Stimulation of Trigeminal Afferents Improves Motor Recovery After Facial Nerve Injury by Emmanouil Skouras Stoyan Pavlov Habib Bendella & Doychin N. Angelov

Author:Emmanouil Skouras, Stoyan Pavlov, Habib Bendella & Doychin N. Angelov
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg

3.3.4 Mechanical Stimulation Reduces the Degree of Motor End Plate Polyinnervation

We then investigated the reinnervation pattern at the level of individual skeletal muscle fibers of the levator labii superioris muscle (Fig. 2.2a; Guntinas-Lichius et al. 2005b). Although post-lesional polyinnervation of the end plates has been claimed to be transient (Hennig and Dietrichs 1994), accumulating evidence suggests that it persists after establishment of nerve–muscle contacts (Esslen 1960; Mackinnon et al. 1991; Reynolds and Woolf 1992; Madison et al. 1999; Jergovic et al. 2001; Ijkema-Paassen et al. 2002; Grant et al. 2002; Choi and Raisman 2005), and our previous work indicates that post-lesional polyinnervation has a deleterious effect on recovery of facial motor function (Guntinas-Lichius et al. 2005b).

In intact animals, all motor end plates were monoinnervated (Fig. 2.2c). After facial nerve injury and no stimulation, 53 % were polyinnervated, that is, innervated by two or more axons (Fig. 2.2b, Table 2.8). However, manual, but not environmental, stimulation significantly reduced the degree of polyinnervated end plates (22 % and 41 %, respectively), whereas the combination of both had an intermediate effect (31 %; Table 2.8). Thus, manual stimulation reduced the ratio between poly- and monoinnervated end plates (Fig. 3.3f) by a factor of four compared to untreated rats and to a level which did not differ statistically from intact animals.

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